Ever since your school days you have been reading about the presence of transistors in computers and all. But what are these transistors? What work do they do? And mostly importantly HOW?
Transistors are one of the most important and handy pieces in modern day electronics. They are compiled into Integrated Circuits (ICs). Two basic types exist, PNP and NPN. These stand for what the resistor actually consists of. P is semi conductive material and N is conductive material. There are usually three pins on a transistor - the collector (C), the base (B), and the emitter (E).
NPN
The voltage coming to the base must achieve a certain point before electrons may flow. When voltage is applied to both - the base and the collector - the voltage across the base aids the voltage from the collector and 'hop' to the emitter. Pay very close attention to the polarities as it is reversed in PNP transistors and causes extreme problems to circuits if installed backwards.
PNP
PNP have reeves flow so they MUST be installed reversely from NPNs. When voltage is applied to the emitter, it has a want to skip to the base. When the base has power, the 'holes' for electrons are filled and the electric current from the emitter will instead continue flowing to the collector. But if there is no voltage at the base then the voltage from the emitter will simply fill the holes and stay in place. This way the base current will directly affect the voltage across the emitter.
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